Justice Rights and The State Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Justice Rights and The State - Essay Example However, whilst Rawls acknowledges that the â€Å"Justice as Fairness† model is rooted in â€Å"Kant’s notion of autonomy†; Rawls argues that â€Å"it is a mistake, I believe to emphasise the place of generality and universality in Kant’s ethics†¦.. it is impossible to construct a moral theory on so slender a basis, and therefore to limit the discussion of Kant’s doctrine to these notions is to reduce it to triviality† (Rawls, 1999, (ed) p.221). â€Å"No one knows his place in society, his class position or social status, nor does anyone know his fortune in the distribution of natural assets and abilities, his intelligence, strength and the like. I shall even assume that the parties do not know their conceptions of the good or their special psychological propensities. The principles of justice are chosen behind a veil of ignorance† (Rawls, 1999 (ed), p.118). However, whilst Rawls theory of justice supports an element of the Kantian social contract philosophy; Rawls denounces Kant’s ideal of a cosmopolitan constitution under the cosmopolitan theory of justice and the focus of this paper is to critically evaluate Rawls’ theory in relation to the cosmopolitan theory of justice and provide a contextual critique of his philosophical model. To this end, I shall firstly evaluate the core elements of Rawls’ theory of justice and comparatively analyse this with leading proponents of cosmopolitan justice theory. As highlighted above, Rawls’ theory of justice propounds the liberty and difference principle, which alters the classic model of the social contract by justifying social inequality within a distributive â€Å"veil of ignorance† justification. On this basis, Rawls’ veil of ignorance proposition suggests that individuals in a society will inherently demonstrate a propensity towards a system of equality, which mirrors Kant’s social contract theory. In

T & m -wk5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

T & m -wk5 - Essay Example 113). To date, the counselor has not done that with the MMPI-2, but he is very well versed with the MMPI. The counselor in this case has not had as much experience with the MMPI-2 so they are justified in staying with the test that they know. The National Association of School Psychologists (2000) the school counselor must be aware of the validity and the reliability of the tests they are using and they must have up-to-date standardization information about the test. (Section C, #2) Although the counselor has this information, they have not had time to read it and understand it, so it would not be in the best interest of the child (Section C, #2) to use the one that the counselor does not know. The MMPI and the MMPI-2 are level C tests which means the counselor must have a PhD in psychology or other related field or they must have professional licensure/registration to practice psychology, or be under a qualified psychologist in a related field (Sigma Assessment Systems, 2007). The quandary does not say that this is the qualification of the individual but there is the assumption that they do have the qualifications for the first one so thy could administer the MMPI-2 when they are ready to use it. In many situations, an old aspect of a test will be used because the organization or the school will not have the funds for the newest version. As long as the older version is similar to the newer one, it does not seem that there would be a problem with it being

Family variables Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Family variables - Essay Example The youth is important for it constitutes the highest world population. Therefore, if proper measures are not taken to control and monitor their activities, they would definitely transform into an uncontrollable force once they get into their adulthood thereby graduating into committing more serious crimes which would be a threat to the society (Bynum and William 1996). The family is the basic foundation over which a child is brought up. The parents act as the best teachers and administers of discipline in the house hold. It is therefore necessary for parents to ensure that their children grow up in a safe environment and also ensure that they teach lessons on moral issues. Parents also determine the behavior of their children by setting examples on the manner in which they solve their personal differences. In families that have parents who keep on quarrelling and fighting, the children are most likely to indulge in delinquent activities due to the bad example set by their parents as compared to those that have limited conflicts (Bynum and William 1996). This is because, violent parents have little time for their children and the level of communication is also poor. Parents who are disciplined do not show their disagreements in the presence of their children. As a result the children accord them respect and are more likely to prevent juvenile delin quency. The family’s social class is also a key variable that influences the possibility of child delinquency. Children who come from poor families are more affected than those from rich back grounds (Schmalleger 2007). This is due to the fact that they tend to be discriminated by the society which makes them feel misplaced and unwanted. Poverty makes the parents desperate and sometimes, they forget their role of offering guidance and instead concentrate on searching for basic necessities. In these cases, educating their children may become difficult

Learning to Look Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Learning to Look - Essay Example Thus, the mass of the subjects were thin to again suggest and associate the product as an object of desire. The shape also is suggesting a constant motion, garb fashionably and ready to go. The left portion of the poster was intentionally left blank to reinforce the idea of motion that the subject is going somewhere and therefore, she should be unimpeded. In this aspect, balance was intentionally ignored to pull the focus on the woman who is about to go somewhere. The color of her dress is coordinated with the cigar to achieve unity with the product being advertised. Combining their colors, slim shape and set into a seemingly moving motion, the images achieved rhythm or a sort of harmony that makes the subject being advertised to be pleasing to the eyes. This kind of approach of using slender women alongside with a slender product in advertisement also adds variety on the approach of transforming a potentially harmful product into something desirable. The approach of Virginia Slims in this product is to convey an idea of confidence and happiness to any woman who are going to smoke their product. This was achieved by effectively using the elements of visual design to convey desirability to their product and create a picture of perfection and happiness to its product. This kind of advertising that uses the elements of design of tall straight lines and slim mass appeals to our sense of vanity that certain product can make us beautiful that could make us happier. All of these are of course created perceptions to serve a certain marketing objective which is induced and/or create demand for Virginia Slims. The use of this approach in the advertisment of Virginia Slims to induce women to smoke also induces anxiety among its target market then later provide Virginia Slims cigarette as the panacea to relieve the women of its distress through the use of beautiful images

Legislative Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legislative Analysis - Essay Example 2454, The American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009, which establishes a federal cap-and-trade program to reduce GHG emissions (Key Provisions for Climate Legislation). GHG Emission the United States of America produces and emits a significant portion of GHG and helps developing Global warming throughout the world. It is estimated that of the total energy use Homes account for about 35% of the potential efficiency gains while the industrial sector accounts for 40% and the commercial sector 25%. Of the total emission of GHG in USA, California emits a robust figure of GHG. California produces roughly 1.4 percent of the world's and 6.2 percent of the total U.S., greenhouse gases (California Climate Change Portal). The state has been working on and finding solutions of impacts towards people due to climate since 1988. The executive order of 2005 issued by Arnold Schwarzenegger on climate change kicked into high gear to further advance clean renewable energy and other solutions to lower our state's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Again, most importantly, the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 established the first-in-the-world comprehensive program of regulatory and market mechanisms to achieve real, quantifiable, cost-effective reductions of GHG. Provision has also been framed to prevent the unscrupulous trend of the polluters. To this end, the Act reveals that Polluters would balance out some of their emissions by purchasing carbon "offsets," which are official certificates that greenhouse gas emissions have been avoided or taken out of the air The provision of setting up a New Clean Energy Deployment Administration is certainly a wise decision to monitor and improve the overall situation. Recommendations and Concluding Remarks The biggest opportunity to improve US energy situation is a major investment program to make homes and businesses more efficient. An investment of $520 billion in improvements like sealing products and replacing inefficient appliances could produce $1.2 trillion in savings on energy bills by 2020(Galbraith, 2009). If such a program can be carried out over the next decade, the country could save around 23 % of total energy use. However, to improve the existing situation further notice on the Act and undertaking following actions are necessary. The Senator/ Government should rightly consider about the Act so that U.S. climate policy become successful in both reducing GHG emissions and addressing the cost concerns of consumers. Efforts should also be made so that framing necessary legislation is possible that reduces GHG emissions 80 percent below current emissions levels by 2050, while providing strong, effective consumer-protection measures to help reduce electricity price increases as we transition to a low-carbon future. Provisions should be made to allocate emissions allowancesto the electric power sector that will help toreduce price increases to all electricity customers-large and small, rural, urban, and suburban-without compromising environmental gains. Again, necessary steps should be undertaken to provide some allowances to that Merchant coal generators to help mitigate price increases in wholesale electricity markets. There is nothing denying that setting reasonable and

Leon Battista Alberti Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leon Battista Alberti - Essay Example During the times Alberti introduced the idea of linear perspective, many other people could write a treatise about the upcoming work of art (Peter, 2007). Fortunately, he was the only fully equipped to manage the work than anyone else in the time. He had the passion for art and device of words which most of his associatesneeded. He brought a familiarity and logical baggage to the task, which was essentially giving utterances to the rules covering his new art and convinced all clienteles and artists that the art was worth taking. Alberti’s thinking that his theory and other works of those times could be precised as knowledge comes from sensory insights (Alberti, 1966). The sensory perception used in comparison with others and in relation to human being to make conclusions (Honour & Fleming, 2002). The conclusions made, approved, and applied by use of mathematics. In his theory mostly made use of, joints of pyramids with image surface, comparativetrios and side view for foreshor tening while testing with diagonal and the use of street as locus. Alberti was concerned with filmicentrances since person’s knowledge relies on sensualfacts. The fact that most solid bodies have a skin, Alberti was also concerned with the play of shades through the surface of an entity. Once these observations are, made conclusionsusing comparison since with it there is a power that illustrates within entities that are less or equal (Martin, 2003). Alberti believed that, man, nature, and mathematics are parts of one thing and that man uses mathematics to comprehend and regulate nature. In his theory, mathematics is a solutions not an end as the theory is more of appearance that reality. As Alberti is concerned, mathematics used to control the data used in art and the painting by itself. In his theory, he advocates for fertility and diversity of color codesand presumes the same variety of man positions and engagements. He says that good work of art has to consist of all sorts of living things including human beings of all ages and both male and female. He has not set formulae to guide the artist, but has put the obligation for the result in the artist’s hands. His approach of the use and the easy way of changing three-dimension world into two-dimension has helped many artist in their work and has been adopted by many across the world (Alberti, 1966). Alberti claims that a point is symbol that cannot split into several parts because it can be located on a plane and visible. He further explains how points joined to form a line and how these lines joined in rows to make a plane. A plane is known by its length and breadth and if need be the quality. Some plane qualities cannot change without changing the plane while others are due to visual effects and seems to change to the viewer even as the plane remains unchanged. A plane changes its name and shape when either its angles or lines are changed. By making angles either more acute or obtuse and short ening or lengthening the lines will completely change the plane. Alberti further explains other qualities of a plane that lie on the surface of a plane. There are two other qualities according to Alberti which although seems to change the plane, it is not actually changed (Stockstad, 2004). This depends on the power of sight as explained above, when the distance between an object and the eye changes, the object seems to

Marketing Mix Essay Example for Free

Marketing Mix Essay Product refers to the creation or design of a good or service. It is here that the process begins in the life of a product. In this part of the marketing mix the design is made, the name is created, and even the packaging of the good is decided upon. This is where a product needs to be created in a way that makes the product marketable for its intended target. (Manktelow, 2013) Place is the process in when it is decided where the product is going to be sold and how the product will be distributed. Many questions are answered in this part of the process such as â€Å"Where do buyers look for this product? , â€Å"What channels of distribution should be used? †, â€Å"Do we need to use a sales force, attend trade shows, or send samples to companies? †, and â€Å"What are competitors doing? † (Manktelow, 2013) For example, a company producing power tools would not want to distribute their goods in a boutique. The intended customer base is not likely going to be found here. The correct distribution would be in a store where power tools are sold like Home Depot. While having a great product is important, you need to get it to the consumer in the most efficient manner. Price is where the value of the product is determined. Pricing is just as important as the product itself. No matter how great a product is, it needs to be priced so that consumers will be willing to purchase it and so that it will make a profit that is worth investing in. Pricing also can offer a chance to get a leg up on the competition. In order to gain an advantage in market share a company may decide to price their product slightly lower than their competitor’s price. (Manktelow, 2013) Promotion is how a company creates their promotional strategy, advertising, and public relations. Promotion is extremely important in making the consumer aware of the product. It is also very important that the promotional strategy is aimed at the target audience. (Manktelow, 2013) For example, to promote a new basketball shoe advertising could be created featuring a professional basketball player and the product could be heavily advertised during basketball games on television when the intended audience is going to be watching the game. PayPal, Inc. is a payment processor that operates primarily in processing payments on the internet. In 2010 PayPal began to push a new motto of â€Å"Anytime, Anywhere, Anyhow†. PayPal was taking their online payment services and moving them into the physical world. In order to achieve this PayPal began pushing their mobile payment services to develop products that would help to achieve this vision. PayPal required a product that would allow people to truly use PayPal anywhere at any time. In 2012 PayPal launched PayPal Here. PayPal here is a product that connects to a smartphone to allow merchants to accept credit card payments wherever their business may take them. To allow buyers the convenience of using PayPal anywhere, PayPal revamped the PayPal Mobile App. The PayPal Mobile App allows a person to send funds at any time using their smartphone. Whether it is sending money to a friend or paying for an item on eBay, the PayPal Mobile App allows buyers to use their PayPal account without having to be in front of their computer. The other product PayPal created for both merchants and for buyers is PayPal’s in-store checkout. In December of 2011 PayPal partnered with The Home Depot to unveil this new product and feature. Customers of the Home Depot no longer need to bring their wallet to the store with them. By simply entering their mobile number and PIN number they can pay with their PayPal account. Upon checking out the customer receives a text message and email receipt of their purchase. This video demonstrates the PayPal in-store checkout process. http://www. youtube. com/watch? feature=player_detailpagev=Q8P9qT9EIVk PayPal’s placement of the product was not as complicated as many companies selling a product like a hammer or shoes. The PayPal Here product is a way to use the PayPal Here service. Customers simply have to go to the PayPal website or PayPal Here App and request the PayPal here dongle. It is sent to the customer at no cost because the value is in the customer accepting payments using the PayPal Here service. This benefits PayPal in that they do not have to deal with major distribution channels in getting their product into the right store. They simply need to ship the product to the customer that asks for it off of the PayPal website. PayPal has structured their pricing to remain ahead of their primary competitor Square. PayPal charges 2. 7% per transaction to receive payments using the PayPal Here product. Square has a similar product and charges 2. 75% per transaction. The cost of the phone attachment for PayPal Here is free. This has allowed PayPal to keep up with their competitor. In order to effectively market this product PayPal needed to have a price that at least met that of their competitor in order to get people to use the product. PayPal decided to charge slightly less than their competitor in order to gain customers new to this technology and to sway some customers away from Square. Had the service not been available through a competitor, PayPal’s pricing may have been different. Having a price that meets or beats the competition shows that PayPal is marketing their product to not just to customers new to accepting mobile payments, but to those that are already accepting them which expands the market they are targeting. PayPal also offers other types of services other than just accepting payments on a mobile phone which creates more value for potential customers. PayPal has launched aggressive marketing campaigns through email and through banners on their website. PayPal has never advertised their products on television or radio and they did not start with the launch of PayPal Here. PayPal announced PayPal Here at a media event and let the media spread the word along with the advertising occurring through email and on the PayPal website. This helps PayPal save money in advertising and promotion while still promoting their product efficiently. PayPal’s intended targets for PayPal Here are small businesses and people who sell at events like trade shows, service (lawn care, plumbing, etc. ) who would like to be able to give their customers more options to pay for their services. The marketing mix is an effective way to help successfully market a product or service. It addresses every aspect that is needed in order to successfully prepare a product to be launched. The four P’s work together to help a company provide the consumer with what they want, get the product to the consumer that demands the product, sells at a price that benefits the company and the consumer, and will promote the product to the right audience. Without the proper use of the marketing mix a product could easily fail. A company could design a new product that may seem great, but if they do not market the product correctly the right people will not see it, buy it, or be aware of it. Without the sales, the life of a product can be short lived because of ineffective marketing. PayPal has shown an effective use of the marketing mix. PayPal identified a consumer need, PayPal designed a product and service that would meet the needs of the consumer, PayPal found an efficient way to deliver the product and service to the customer, PayPal provided a price that was slightly better than the price of their competitor to gain a market advantage, and PayPal effectively used word of mouth promotion and promotion through their own website to make consumers aware of this new innovative product that can meet their needs. It has been effective use of the marketing mix that has helped PayPal remain on top of the online payment processing world.